KA-e
|
Material |
T (K) |
ε n |
ε |
|
Metals |
|||
|
Aluminum, rolled |
443 |
0.039 |
0.049 |
|
|
773 |
0.05 |
|
|
Highly polished |
500 |
0.039 |
|
|
|
850 |
0.057 |
|
|
Polished |
373 |
0.095 |
|
|
Roughly polished |
373 |
0.18 |
|
|
Oxidized at T = 872 K |
472 |
0.11 |
|
|
|
872 |
0.19 |
|
|
Strongly oxidized |
366 |
0.2 |
|
|
|
777 |
0.31 |
|
|
Lead, gray oxidized |
297 |
0.28 |
|
|
Not oxidized |
400 |
0.057 |
|
|
|
500 |
0.075 |
|
|
Oxidized at T = 422 K |
472 |
0.63 |
|
|
Bronze, 4–7% Al |
|
|
|
|
Polished |
422 |
0.03 |
|
|
|
1089 |
0.052 |
|
|
Oxidized |
422 |
0.08 |
|
|
|
1089 |
0.144 |
|
|
Chrome, polished |
423 |
0.058 |
0.071 |
|
|
1089 |
0.36 |
|
|
Cobalt, polished |
422 |
0.1 |
|
|
|
1089 |
0.225 |
|
|
Oxidized |
589 |
0.15 |
|
|
|
1089 |
0.3 |
|
|
Gold, highly polished |
500 |
0.018 |
|
|
|
900 |
0.035 |
|
|
Copper, polished |
293 |
0.03 |
|
|
Slightly turned |
293 |
0.037 |
|
|
Strongly black oxidized |
293 |
0.78 |
|
|
Oxidized |
403 |
0.76 |
|
|
Rubbed to a fine degree |
293 |
0.07 |
|
|
Inconel, rolled |
1089 |
|
0.69 |
|
Sand blasted |
1089 |
|
0.79 |
|
Iron and steel |
|
|
|
|
Material |
T (K) |
ε n |
ε |
|
Highly polished |
450 |
|
0.052 |
|
|
500 |
|
0.064 |
|
Polished |
700 |
|
0.144 |
|
|
1300 |
|
0.377 |
|
Rubbed with sandpaper |
293 |
|
0.242 |
|
Cast-iron, polished |
473 |
|
0.21 |
|
Caste steel, polished |
1044 |
|
0.52 |
|
|
1311 |
|
0.56 |
|
Iron, roughly polished |
373 |
|
0.17 |
|
Oxidized surfaces: |
|
|
|
|
Iron sheet metal, rusty |
293 |
|
0.612 |
|
Strong rusty |
292 |
|
0.685 |
|
From rolling |
294 |
|
0.657 |
|
Cast iron, oxidized at 866 K |
472 |
|
0.64 |
|
|
872 |
|
0.78 |
|
Steel, oxidized at T = 866 K |
472 |
|
0.79 |
|
|
872 |
|
0.79 |
|
Steel sheet with a strong |
|
|
|
|
Layer of oxide |
297 |
|
0.8 |
|
Cast iron with a rough surface |
|
|
|
|
Strongly oxidized |
311–512 |
|
0.95 |
|
Geschmolzene Oberflächen: |
|
|
|
|
Cast iron, molten |
1572 |
0.29 |
|
|
Pure iron, molten |
1789 |
0.42 |
|
|
|
2044 |
0.45 |
|
|
Steel, 0.25–1.2% C |
|
|
|
|
Lightly oxidized |
1833 |
0.27 |
|
|
Molten |
1983 |
0.39 |
|
|
Magnesium, polished |
311 |
0.07 |
|
|
|
811 |
0.18 |
|
|
Brass, not oxidized |
298 |
0.035 |
|
|
|
373 |
0.035 |
|
|
Oxidized |
473 |
0.61 |
|
|
|
873 |
0.59 |
|
|
Molybdenum |
1000 |
0.096 |
|
|
|
2866 |
0.292 |
|
|
|
373 |
|
0.071 |
|
|
1673 |
|
0.17 |
|
Nickel, not oxidized |
298 |
|
0.045 |
|
|
373 |
|
0.06 |
|
Material |
T (K) |
ε n |
ε |
|
Oxidized |
473 |
|
0.37 |
|
|
873 |
|
0.478 |
|
Niob, not oxidized |
1089 |
|
0.19 |
|
|
1366 |
|
0.24 |
|
Palladium |
422 |
0.026 |
|
|
|
1089 |
0.094 |
|
|
Platinum |
422 |
0.022 |
|
|
|
1089 |
0.123 |
|
|
Mercury, not oxidized |
298 |
0.1 |
|
|
|
373 |
0.12 |
|
|
Rhodium, polished |
422 |
0.012 |
|
|
|
1089 |
0.068 |
|
|
Silver, polished |
311 |
0.022 |
|
|
|
644 |
0.031 |
|
|
Tantalum, polished |
422 |
0.03 |
|
|
|
1089 |
0.07 |
|
|
Oxidized |
422 |
0.42 |
|
|
|
1089 |
0.42 |
|
|
Titanium, oxidized |
644 |
|
0.54 |
|
|
1089 |
|
0.59 |
|
Bismuth, shiny |
353 |
0.34 |
0.366 |
|
Tungsten |
298 |
|
0.024 |
|
|
773 |
|
0.071 |
|
|
1273 |
|
0.15 |
|
|
1773 |
|
0.23 |
|
Zinc, pure, polished |
500 |
0.045 |
|
|
|
600 |
0.055 |
|
|
Iron sheet with zinc surface |
|
|
|
|
Shiny |
301 |
0.228 |
|
|
Gray oxidized |
297 |
0.276 |
|
|
Tin, not oxidized |
298 |
|
0.043 |
|
|
373 |
|
0.05 |
|
Iron, tin covered, shiny |
297 |
|
0.06 |
|
Non Metals |
|||
|
Aluminum oxide |
366 |
|
0.9 |
|
|
673 |
|
0.76 |
|
|
1073 |
|
0.623 |
|
|
1600 |
|
0.4 |
|
Asbestos, cartonnage |
296 |
0.96 |
|
|
Paper |
311 |
0.93 |
|
|
|
644 |
0.94 |
|
|
Material |
T (K) |
ε n |
ε |
|
Asphalt |
300 |
|
0.93 |
|
Concrete, rough |
273–366 |
|
0.94 |
|
Roofing felt |
294 |
0.91 |
|
|
Plaster (gypsum) |
293 |
0.8–0.9 |
|
|
Glass |
293 |
0.94 |
|
|
Quartz glass (7 mm thickness) |
555 |
0.93 |
|
|
|
1111 |
0.47 |
|
|
Rubber |
293 |
0.92 |
|
|
Wood, oak plane ironed |
273–366 |
|
0.9 |
|
Beech |
343 |
|
0.91 |
|
Carbon black, non oxidized |
298 |
|
0.81 |
|
|
773 |
|
0.79 |
|
Carbon fibers |
533 |
|
0.95 |
|
Graphite fibers |
373 |
|
0.76 |
|
|
773 |
|
0.71 |
|
Corundum, rough sand |
353 |
0.85 |
0.84 |
|
Lacquers, paints |
|
|
|
|
Oil-based paint, black |
366 |
|
0.92 |
|
Green |
366 |
|
0.95 |
|
Red |
366 |
|
0.97 |
|
White |
366 |
|
0.94 |
|
Lacquer, white |
373 |
0.925 |
|
|
Matte black |
353 |
0.97 |
|
|
Bakelite lacquer |
353 |
0.935 |
|
|
Mennig paint |
373 |
0.93 |
|
|
Radiator surface paint |
373 |
0.925 |
|
|
Enamel, white or iron |
292 |
0.897 |
|
|
Magnesium oxide |
550 |
0.55 |
|
|
|
1100 |
0.2 |
|
|
Marble, gray, polished |
273–366 |
|
0.9 |
|
Paper |
273 |
|
0.92 |
|
|
366 |
|
0.94 |
|
Porcelain (china clay), white |
295 |
|
0.924 |
|
Fire brick (quartz) |
473 |
|
0.84 |
|
|
1,073 |
|
0.56 |
|
|
1,673 |
|
0.47 |
|
Silicon oxide |
473 |
|
0.82 |
|
|
1073 |
|
0.52 |
|
|
1473 |
|
0.39 |
|
Thorium oxide |
716 |
0.58 |
|
|
|
1100 |
0.21 |
|
|
Material |
T (K) |
ε n |
ε |
|
Clay, glazed |
298 |
|
0.9 |
|
Matte |
298 |
|
0.93 |
|
Uranium oxide |
1300 |
|
0.79 |
|
|
1600 |
|
0.78 |
|
Water |
273 |
0.95 |
|
|
|
373 |
0.96 |
|
|
Ice, smooth with water |
273 |
0.966 |
0.92 |
|
Rough, frosted |
273 |
0.985 |
|
|
Snow |
273 |
|
0.8 |
|
Clay brick, red |
273–366 |
|
0.93 |