Design of Metallic Bellows Expansion Joints acc. to EJMA
Reference:
STANDARDS OF THE EXPANSION JOINT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, TENTH EDITION,
www.ejma.org
The following construction types are included in the design program:
1. Unreinforced bellows
2. Reinforced bellows
3. Toroidal bellows

Fig. 4.13: Unreinforced bellows

Fig. 4.44: Reinforced bellows

Fig. 4.15: Toroidal bellows
All 3 construction types might be used as a single bellows as well as universal bellows.