Variable list

Type
(sketch only)

Conditions

Design
Factor C

a) flanged flat end

1. Knuckle radius:

2. Cylindrical part: h ≥ 3,5s (Please note conditions from section 6.1.1!)

0,30

b) forged or pressed flat end

1. Knuckle radius
 

However at least 8 mm.

2. Cylindrical part h ≥ s

0,35

c) flat plate welded into the shell from both sides

Plate thickness

s ≤ 3 s₁

0,35

s > 3 s₁

0,40

d) bolted flat plate with full face gasket

D₁ ≥ D_i

0,35

e) flat plate with stress-relieve groove ¹⁾

s₁= Final wall thickness of cylindrical part of the end connected to the shell.

1. Residual wall thickness in the groove:

,

not less than 5 mm

and with D_a > 1,2 D₁    s_R ≤ 0,77 s₁

2. Groove radius:

r ≥ 0,2 s, however not less than 5 mm and

3. Only killed steels may be utilized. When plate material is employed over an area of at least 3 s₁ in the weld zone there must be no evidence of material discontinuities in the plate ²⁾.

4. For special loads e.g. creep structure strength, this type is inappropriate without extra proof.

0,40

f) flat plate welded onto the shell from both sides

Plate thickness:

s ≤ 3 s₁

0,40

s > 3 s₁

0,45

Only killed steels may be utilized. When plate material is employed over an area of at least 3 s₁ in the weld zone there must be no evidence of material discontinuities in the plate ²⁾.

g) simply supported flat plate

Residual wall thickness at the gasket circle or at the grooves

s_R ≥ 0,7 s

0,40

h) flat plate welded into the shell from one side only

Plate thickness:

s ≤ 3 s₁

0,45

s > 3 s₁

0,50

i) partially-welded flat plate

Plate thickness:

s ≤ 3 s₁

0,45

s > 3 s₁

Conditions for a:

a ≥ 0,5 s and a ≥ 1,4 s₁

D_f /D₁ ≥ 0,7

0,50

k) flat plate attached from the external side

1. Residual plate thickness at gasket circle:
s_R ≥ 0,7 s

2. Soft gasket
D₁ ≤ 500 mm

1,25

l) flat plate attached from the internal side

Residual wall thickness at gasket circle:

s_R ≥ 0,7 s

0,45

¹⁾ Stress-relieve grooves with different cross section may be more effective in reducing stresses and are acceptable if appropriate evidence is produced.

²⁾ As rule this is the case when the inspections are carried out as specified in EN 10160 quality class 3. This can be stipulated at the time when the order is placed.

Type
(sketch only)

Conditions

Design
Factor C

a) flanged flat end

1. Knuckle radius:

2. Cylindrical part: h ≥ 3,5s (Please note conditions from section 6.1.1!)

0,30

b) forged or pressed flat end

1. Knuckle radius
 

However at least 8 mm.

2. Cylindrical part h ≥ s

0,35

c) flat plate welded into the shell from both sides

Plate thickness

s ≤ 3 s₁

0,35

s > 3 s₁

0,40

d) bolted flat plate with full face gasket

D₁ ≥ D_i

0,35

e) flat plate with stress-relieve groove ¹⁾

s₁= Final wall thickness of cylindrical part of the end connected to the shell.

1. Residual wall thickness in the groove:

,

not less than 5 mm

and with D_a > 1,2 D₁    s_R ≤ 0,77 s₁

2. Groove radius:

r ≥ 0,2 s, however not less than 5 mm and

3. Only killed steels may be utilized. When plate material is employed over an area of at least 3 s₁ in the weld zone there must be no evidence of material discontinuities in the plate ²⁾.

4. For special loads e.g. creep structure strength, this type is inappropriate without extra proof.

0,40

f) flat plate welded onto the shell from both sides

Plate thickness:

s ≤ 3 s₁

0,40

s > 3 s₁

0,45

Only killed steels may be utilized. When plate material is employed over an area of at least 3 s₁ in the weld zone there must be no evidence of material discontinuities in the plate ²⁾.

g) simply supported flat plate

Residual wall thickness at the gasket circle or at the grooves

s_R ≥ 0,7 s

0,40

h) flat plate welded into the shell from one side only

Plate thickness:

s ≤ 3 s₁

0,45

s > 3 s₁

0,50

i) partially-welded flat plate

Plate thickness:

s ≤ 3 s₁

0,45

s > 3 s₁

Conditions for a:

a ≥ 0,5 s and a ≥ 1,4 s₁

D_f /D₁ ≥ 0,7

0,50

k) flat plate attached from the external side

1. Residual plate thickness at gasket circle:
s_R ≥ 0,7 s

2. Soft gasket
D₁ ≤ 500 mm

1,25

l) flat plate attached from the internal side

Residual wall thickness at gasket circle:

s_R ≥ 0,7 s

0,45

¹⁾ Stress-relieve grooves with different cross section may be more effective in reducing stresses and are acceptable if appropriate evidence is produced.

²⁾ As rule this is the case when the inspections are carried out as specified in EN 10160 quality class 3. This can be stipulated at the time when the order is placed.

Type 
(sketch only)

Conditions

Design
Factor C₂

Flanged flat end

a) with inward flange

or

b) with protruding stay

1. Knuckle radius:

2. Cylindrical part: h ≥ 3,5s (Please note conditions from section 6.5.1!)

0,25

c) flat plate welded into the shell from both sides with protruding stay

Plate thickness

s ≤ 3 s₁

0,30

s > 3 s₁

0,35

d) flat plate welded into the shell from one side with protruding stay

Plate thickness

s ≤ 3 s₁

0,40

s > 3 s₁

0,45

Type of tubing

Sketch

A)      Fully-tubed tubesheet
l is the arithmetic average of the centric distances of the outer tubes to the tubesheet centre (l₁) plus one half of a tube diameter.

_ _ _ Fixation

____ Circle with the diameter 2 ·l₁ + d_a

B)      Circular segment
determination of l

_ _ _ Fixation

____ Centre of outer tubes

Type of tubing

Sketch

C)      Rectangle/Arc
Determination of l

_ _ _ Fixation

____ Centre of outer tubes

D)      Circular sector
Determination of l

_ _ _ Fixation

____ Centre of outer tubes

Type
(sketch only)

Conditions

Design
Factor C

a) flanged flat end

1. Knuckle radius:

2. Cylindrical part: h ≥ 3,5s (Please note conditions from section 6.1.1!)

0,30

b) forged or pressed flat end

1. Knuckle radius
 

However at least 8 mm.

2. Cylindrical part h ≥ s

0,35

c) flat plate welded into the shell from both sides

Plate thickness

s ≤ 3 s₁

0,35

s > 3 s₁

0,40

d) bolted flat plate with full face gasket

D₁ ≥ D_i

0,35

e) flat plate with stress-relieve groove ¹⁾

s₁= Final wall thickness of cylindrical part of the end connected to the shell.

1. Residual wall thickness in the groove:

,

not less than 5 mm

and with D_a > 1,2 D₁    s_R ≤ 0,77 s₁

2. Groove radius:

r ≥ 0,2 s, however not less than 5 mm and

3. Only killed steels may be utilized. When plate material is employed over an area of at least 3 s₁ in the weld zone there must be no evidence of material discontinuities in the plate ²⁾.

4. For special loads e.g. creep structure strength, this type is inappropriate without extra proof.

0,40

f) flat plate welded onto the shell from both sides

Plate thickness:

s ≤ 3 s₁

0,40

s > 3 s₁

0,45

Only killed steels may be utilized. When plate material is employed over an area of at least 3 s₁ in the weld zone there must be no evidence of material discontinuities in the plate ²⁾.

g) simply supported flat plate

Residual wall thickness at the gasket circle or at the grooves

s_R ≥ 0,7 s

0,40

h) flat plate welded into the shell from one side only

Plate thickness:

s ≤ 3 s₁

0,45

s > 3 s₁

0,50

i) partially-welded flat plate

Plate thickness:

s ≤ 3 s₁

0,45

s > 3 s₁

Conditions for a:

a ≥ 0,5 s and a ≥ 1,4 s₁

D_f /D₁ ≥ 0,7

0,50

k) flat plate attached from the external side

1. Residual plate thickness at gasket circle:
s_R ≥ 0,7 s

2. Soft gasket
D₁ ≤ 500 mm

1,25

l) flat plate attached from the internal side

Residual wall thickness at gasket circle:

s_R ≥ 0,7 s

0,45

¹⁾ Stress-relieve grooves with different cross section may be more effective in reducing stresses and are acceptable if appropriate evidence is produced.

²⁾ As rule this is the case when the inspections are carried out as specified in EN 10160 quality class 3. This can be stipulated at the time when the order is placed.

Type of tubing

Sketch

A)      Fully-tubed tubesheet
l is the arithmetic average of the centric distances of the outer tubes to the tubesheet centre (l₁) plus one half of a tube diameter.

_ _ _ Fixation

____ Circle with the diameter 2 ·l₁ + d_a

B)      Circular segment
determination of l

_ _ _ Fixation

____ Centre of outer tubes

Type of tubing

Sketch

C)      Rectangle/Arc
Determination of l

_ _ _ Fixation

____ Centre of outer tubes

D)      Circular sector
Determination of l

_ _ _ Fixation

____ Centre of outer tubes

Type
(sketch only)

Conditions

Design
Factor C

a) flanged flat end

1. Knuckle radius:

2. Cylindrical part: h ≥ 3,5s (Please note conditions from section 6.1.1!)

0,30

b) forged or pressed flat end

1. Knuckle radius
 

However at least 8 mm.

2. Cylindrical part h ≥ s

0,35

c) flat plate welded into the shell from both sides

Plate thickness

s ≤ 3 s₁

0,35

s > 3 s₁

0,40

d) bolted flat plate with full face gasket

D₁ ≥ D_i

0,35

e) flat plate with stress-relieve groove ¹⁾

s₁= Final wall thickness of cylindrical part of the end connected to the shell.

1. Residual wall thickness in the groove:

,

not less than 5 mm

and with D_a > 1,2 D₁    s_R ≤ 0,77 s₁

2. Groove radius:

r ≥ 0,2 s, however not less than 5 mm and

3. Only killed steels may be utilized. When plate material is employed over an area of at least 3 s₁ in the weld zone there must be no evidence of material discontinuities in the plate ²⁾.

4. For special loads e.g. creep structure strength, this type is inappropriate without extra proof.

0,40

f) flat plate welded onto the shell from both sides

Plate thickness:

s ≤ 3 s₁

0,40

s > 3 s₁

0,45

Only killed steels may be utilized. When plate material is employed over an area of at least 3 s₁ in the weld zone there must be no evidence of material discontinuities in the plate ²⁾.

g) simply supported flat plate

Residual wall thickness at the gasket circle or at the grooves

s_R ≥ 0,7 s

0,40

h) flat plate welded into the shell from one side only

Plate thickness:

s ≤ 3 s₁

0,45

s > 3 s₁

0,50

i) partially-welded flat plate

Plate thickness:

s ≤ 3 s₁

0,45

s > 3 s₁

Conditions for a:

a ≥ 0,5 s and a ≥ 1,4 s₁

D_f /D₁ ≥ 0,7

0,50

k) flat plate attached from the external side

1. Residual plate thickness at gasket circle:
s_R ≥ 0,7 s

2. Soft gasket
D₁ ≤ 500 mm

1,25

l) flat plate attached from the internal side

Residual wall thickness at gasket circle:

s_R ≥ 0,7 s

0,45

¹⁾ Stress-relieve grooves with different cross section may be more effective in reducing stresses and are acceptable if appropriate evidence is produced.

²⁾ As rule this is the case when the inspections are carried out as specified in EN 10160 quality class 3. This can be stipulated at the time when the order is placed.

Type 
(sketch only)

Conditions

Design
Factor C₂

Flanged flat end

a) with inward flange

or

b) with protruding stay

1. Knuckle radius:

2. Cylindrical part: h ≥ 3,5s (Please note conditions from section 6.5.1!)

0,25

c) flat plate welded into the shell from both sides with protruding stay

Plate thickness

s ≤ 3 s₁

0,30

s > 3 s₁

0,35

d) flat plate welded into the shell from one side with protruding stay

Plate thickness

s ≤ 3 s₁

0,40

s > 3 s₁

0,45