Variable list
Thermal conductivity l in W/(m·K) depending on temperature
Density r [103 kg/m³] at 20°C
|
No. |
DIN Description |
Material number |
Density r 103 kg/m³ |
Thermal conductivity l W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||
|
High temperature steels, unalloyed |
|
|
|||||||||||||||
|
Temperature °C |
20 |
-200 |
-100 |
0 |
20 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
1000 |
||
|
1 |
St 35.8 |
1.0305 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
57 |
57 |
54 |
50 |
45 |
42 |
37 |
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
St 37.8 |
1.0315 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
57 |
57 |
54 |
50 |
45 |
42 |
37 |
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
St 45.8 |
1.0405 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
54 |
53 |
50 |
47 |
43 |
40 |
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
St 42.8 |
1.0498 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
54 |
54 |
50 |
47 |
43 |
40 |
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
P 235 GH |
1.0345 |
7.80 |
|
|
|
55 |
55 |
51 |
48 |
44 |
41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
P 265 GH |
1.0425 |
7.80 |
|
|
|
55 |
55 |
51 |
48 |
44 |
41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
High temperature steels, low-alloyed |
Density r |
Thermal conductivity l, W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Temperature °C |
20 |
-200 |
-100 |
0 |
20 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
1000 |
||
|
7 |
P 295 GH |
1.0481 |
7.83 |
|
|
|
47 |
47 |
46 |
44 |
41 |
38 |
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
19 Mn 5 |
1.0482 |
7.83 |
|
|
|
40 |
41 |
41 |
40 |
38 |
36 |
34 |
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
16 Mo 3 |
1.5415 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
51 |
51 |
49 |
45 |
42 |
39 |
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
16 Mo 5 |
1.5423 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
48 |
47 |
46 |
43 |
40 |
37 |
34 |
|
|
|
|
|
11 |
15 MnNi 6-3 |
1.6210 |
7.84 |
|
|
|
42 |
43 |
43 |
41 |
39 |
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
20 MnMoNi 5-5 |
1.6310 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
42 |
43 |
43 |
41 |
39 |
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
13 |
15 NiCuMoNb 5-6-4 |
1.6368 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
38 |
41 |
42 |
41 |
39 |
38 |
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
14 |
13 CrMo 4-5 |
1.7335 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
46 |
46 |
46 |
43 |
41 |
38 |
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
15 |
12 CrMo 19-5 |
1.7362 |
7.77 |
|
|
|
20 |
23 |
25 |
26 |
27 |
28 |
28 |
|
|
|
|
|
16 |
10 CrMo 9-10 GS-12 CrMo 9-10 |
1.7380 |
7.80 |
|
|
|
35 |
37 |
38 |
38 |
37 |
35 |
33 |
|
|
|
|
|
17 |
14 MoV 6-3 |
1.7715 |
7.84 |
|
|
|
46 |
47 |
46 |
44 |
41 |
39 |
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
No. |
DIN Description |
Material number |
Density r 103 kg/m³ |
Thermal conductivity l W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||
|
High temperature steels, high-alloyed |
Density r |
Thermal conductivity l, W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Temperature °C |
20 |
-200 |
-100 |
0 |
20 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
1000 |
||
|
18 |
X 10 CrMoVNb 9-1 |
1.4903 |
7.77 |
|
|
|
26 |
27 |
28 |
28 |
29 |
30 |
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
19 |
X 20 CrMoV 11-1 |
1.4922 |
7.75 |
|
|
|
24 |
24 |
25 |
25 |
26 |
26 |
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
20 |
X 8 CrNiMoNb 16-16 |
1.4981 |
8.01 |
|
|
|
15 |
16 |
17 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
24 |
25 |
|
|
|
21 |
X 12 CrMo 9-1 |
1.7386 |
7.77 |
|
|
|
21 |
23 |
24 |
26 |
27 |
28 |
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
Highly heat resisting steels |
Density r |
Thermal conductivity l, W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Temperature °C |
20 |
-200 |
-100 |
0 |
20 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
1000 |
||
|
22 |
X 3 CrNiMoBN 17-13-3 |
1.4910 |
7.89 |
|
|
|
13 |
15 |
16 |
18 |
19 |
21 |
22 |
24 |
25 |
|
|
|
23 |
X 6 CrNiMoB 17-12-2 |
1.4919 |
7.98 |
|
|
|
16 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
|
|
|
|
24 |
X 6 CrNi 18-10 |
1.4948 |
7.90 |
|
|
|
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
|
|
|
|
25 |
X 3 CrNiN 18-11 |
1.4949 |
7.93 |
|
|
|
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
|
|
|
|
Heat-resistant steels |
Density r |
Thermal conductivity l, W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Temperature °C |
20 |
-200 |
-100 |
0 |
20 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
1000 |
||
|
26 |
X 10 CrAlSi 7 |
1.4713 |
7.7 |
|
|
|
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
25 |
25 |
26 |
26 |
|
|
|
|
27 |
X 18 CrN 28 |
1.4749 |
7.7 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28 |
X 15 CrNiSi 20-12 |
1.4828 |
7.9 |
|
|
|
13 |
14 |
16 |
17 |
19 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
25 |
26 |
28 |
|
29 |
X 10 NiCrAlTi 32-21 |
1.4876 |
8 |
|
|
|
12 |
13 |
15 |
16 |
18 |
20 |
21 |
23 |
24 |
26 |
27 |
|
30 |
X 5 NiCrNbCe 32-27 |
1.4877 |
8 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stainless and acid-resistant steels |
Density r |
Thermal conductivity l, W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Temperature °C |
20 |
-200 |
-100 |
0 |
20 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
1000 |
||
|
31 |
X 6 Cr 17 |
1.4016 |
7.7 |
|
|
|
24 |
24 |
25 |
25 |
25 |
25 |
26 |
26 |
27 |
27 |
28 |
|
32 |
X 17 CrNi 16-2 |
1.4057 |
7.7 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33 |
X 5 CrNi 18-10 |
1.4301 |
7.9 |
|
|
|
15 |
16 |
18 |
19 |
21 |
22 |
24 |
25 |
26 |
28 |
29 |
|
34 |
X 3 CrTi 17 |
1.4510 |
7.7 |
|
|
|
16 |
17 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
26 |
27 |
28 |
|
35 |
X 6 CrNiTi 18-10 |
1.4541 |
7.9 |
|
|
|
15 |
16 |
18 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
24 |
25 |
27 |
28 |
29 |
|
36 |
X 6 CrNiNb 18-10 |
1.4550 |
7.9 |
|
|
|
15 |
16 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
26 |
27 |
28 |
|
37 |
X 6 CrNiMoTi 17-12-2 |
1.4571 |
7.98 |
|
|
|
13 |
15 |
17 |
18 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
24 |
25 |
|
|
|
No. |
DIN Description |
Material number |
Density r 103 kg/m³ |
Thermal conductivity l W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||
|
Case-hardened and heat-treated steels |
Density r |
Thermal conductivity l, W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Temperature °C |
20 |
-200 |
-100 |
0 |
20 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
1000 |
||
|
38 |
C 22 |
1.0402 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
55-61 |
|
|
|
|
|
35-40 |
|
|
|
|
|
39 |
C 45 E |
1.1191 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
47-52 |
|
|
|
|
|
32-37 |
|
|
|
|
|
Fine-grain and low-temperature steels |
Density r |
Thermal conductivity l, W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Temperature °C |
20 |
-200 |
-100 |
0 |
20 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
1000 |
||
|
40 |
St E 255 |
1.0461 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
54 |
53 |
50 |
47 |
43 |
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
41 |
P 460 N |
1.8905 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
40 |
41 |
41 |
40 |
38 |
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
42 |
13 MnNi 6-3 |
1.6217 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aluminium alloays |
Density r |
Thermal conductivity l, W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Temperature °C |
20 |
-200 |
-100 |
0 |
20 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
1000 |
||
|
43 |
EN AW-Al 99,0 |
EN AW-1200 |
2.71 |
327 |
242 |
235 |
|
240 |
237 |
232 |
226 |
219 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
44 |
EN AW-AlMn 1 Cu |
EN AW-3003 |
2.73 |
|
|
(202) |
|
180 |
183 |
(177) |
(171) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45 |
EN AW-AlMg 2,5 |
EN AW-5052 |
2.68 |
|
|
(134) |
|
146 |
155 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
46 |
EN AW-AlMg 4,5 Mn 0,7 |
EN AW-5083 |
2.66 |
|
|
(113) |
|
126 |
137 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
47 |
EN AW-AlMg 1 SiCu |
EN AW-6061 |
2.7 |
|
|
(164) |
|
172 |
176 |
(179) |
(180) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
48 |
EN AW-AlMg 1 Si |
EN AW-6060 |
2.7 |
|
|
(209) |
|
206 |
202 |
200 |
197 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No. |
DIN Description |
Material number |
Density r 103 kg/m³ |
Thermal conductivity l W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||
|
Copper alloys |
Density r |
Thermal conductivity l, W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Temperature °C |
20 |
-200 |
-100 |
0 |
20 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
1000 |
||
|
49 |
CuNi 10 Fe 1 Mn |
CW 352 H |
8.90 |
|
|
|
51.7 |
60.2 |
70 |
78.9 |
86.7 |
91.9 |
92 |
85.9 |
90 |
93.3 |
|
|
50 |
CuNi 30 Mn 1 Fe |
CW 354 H |
8.90 |
|
|
|
25.8 |
29.8 |
34.8 |
39.6 |
44.3 |
48.5 |
52.4 |
56.1 |
59.8 |
63.4 |
|
|
51 |
CuZn 39 Pb 3 (Ms 58) |
CW 614 N |
8.47 |
|
|
|
108 |
119 |
131 |
136 |
139 |
138 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
52 |
CuZn 39 Pb 0.5 (Ms 60 Pb) |
CW 610 N |
8.40 |
|
|
(68) |
|
79 |
90 |
100 |
(111) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
53 |
CuZn 28 Sn 1 As (50 Ms 71) |
CW 706 R |
8.56 |
|
(99) |
110 |
|
120 |
136 |
152 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
54 |
CuZn 38 Sn 1 (50 Ms 60) |
CW 717 R |
8.35 |
41 |
69 |
99 |
|
131 |
142 |
146 |
148 |
150 |
(151) |
|
|
|
|
|
55 |
CuZn 20 Al 2 As (50 Ms 76) |
CW 702 R |
8.33 |
|
(87) |
100 |
|
112 |
125 |
(138) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
56 |
CuSn 4 (Phosphor bronze) |
CW 450 K |
8.90 |
|
(65) |
(77) |
|
88.6 |
95.2 |
(112) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
57 |
CuAl 8 Fe 3 (Aluminium bronze) |
CW 303 G |
7.70 |
|
(61) |
72 |
|
83 |
94 |
(105) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nickel alloys |
Density r |
Thermal conductivity l, W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Temperature °C |
20 |
-200 |
-100 |
0 |
20 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
1000 |
||
|
58 |
Ni 99,2 |
2.4066 |
8.90 |
|
77.4 |
72.2 |
|
70 |
61.4 |
56.6 |
55.7 |
57.6 |
59.7 |
61.8 |
63.9 |
65.9 |
|
|
59 |
NiCu 30 Fe |
2.4360 |
8.80 |
15.5 |
19.7 |
21.4 |
|
24.3 |
27.6 |
30.6 |
33.5 |
36.8 |
39.8 |
42.7 |
(45.6) |
(49) |
|
|
60 |
NiCr 15 Fe |
2.4816 |
8.43 |
|
13.1 |
14.5 |
|
15.9 |
17.3 |
18.9 |
20.4 |
22.2 |
23.9 |
25.6 |
27.3 |
(29.1) |
|
|
61 |
NiCr 21 Mo |
2.4858 |
8.10 |
|
(9.7) |
(11.4) |
|
13.4 |
15.1 |
16.6 |
18.4 |
20 |
21.7 |
23.3 |
24.8 |
26.5 |
|
|
62 |
NiCr 22 Mo 9 Nb |
2.4856 |
8.40 |
|
7.9 |
9.3 |
|
10.9 |
12.3 |
13.8 |
15.2 |
16.8 |
18.3 |
19.7 |
21.5 |
23.4 |
|
|
63 |
NiMo 16 Cr 15 W |
2.4819 |
8.90 |
|
8.1 |
9.6 |
|
11.2 |
13 |
14.7 |
16.4 |
18.2 |
20 |
21.8 |
23.5 |
25.3 |
|
|
64 |
NiMo 16 Cr 16 Ti |
2.4610 |
8.60 |
|
(7.6) |
(9.6) |
|
11.2 |
13.2 |
14.9 |
16.8 |
18.5 |
20.4 |
(22.7) |
(24.7) |
(26.8) |
|
|
65 |
NiMo 28 |
2.4617 |
9.20 |
|
(10.1) |
11.1 |
|
12.2 |
13.4 |
14.6 |
16 |
17.3 |
18.7 |
(19.9) |
(21.2) |
(22.5) |
|
|
No. |
DIN Description |
Material number |
Density r 103 kg/m³ |
Thermal conductivity l W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||
|
Other materials |
Density r |
Thermal conductivity l, W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Temperature °C |
20 |
-200 |
-100 |
0 |
20 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
1000 |
||
|
66 |
Ni 36 |
1.3912 |
8.20 |
|
|
|
13 |
15 |
16 |
18 |
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
67 |
TiAl 6 V 4 |
3.7165 |
4.43 |
|
|
|
6.5 |
7.6 |
9.1 |
10.5 |
12 |
13.4 |
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
68 |
EN-GJS-415 |
EN-JS 1030 |
7.1 |
|
|
|
26.8 |
28.8 |
30.3 |
30.9 |
38.8 |
30.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
69 |
GG (w. lamell. graphite) |
|
7.08 |
|
|
|
42.5 |
41.8 |
40.8 |
39.6 |
38.2 |
36.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
© Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
Fouling resistances for water in shell and tube heat exchangers (m²K/W)
|
Temperature of heating medium |
Up to 120°C |
120–200°C |
||
|
Temperature of water |
50°C |
Over 50°C |
||
|
|
Flow velocity |
Flow velocity |
||
|
Cooling water |
≤ 1 m/s |
> 1 m/s |
≤ 1 m/s |
> 1 m/s |
|
Seawater |
0.00009 |
0.00009 |
0.00018 |
0.00018 |
|
Brackish water |
0.00035 |
0.00018 |
0.00053 |
0.00035 |
|
Cooling tower and artificial spray pond: |
|
|
|
|
|
Treated make up |
0.00018 |
0.00018 |
0.00035 |
0.00035 |
|
Untreated |
0.00053 |
0.00053 |
0.00090 |
0.00075 |
|
City or well water |
0.00018 |
0.00018 |
0.00035 |
0.00035 |
|
River water: |
|
|
|
|
|
Clean |
0.00035 |
0.00018 |
0.00053 |
0.00035 |
|
Normal |
0.00053 |
0.00035 |
0.00070 |
0.00053 |
|
Sewer |
0.00141 |
0.00090 |
0.00175 |
0.00141 |
|
Muddy or silty water |
0.00053 |
0.00035 |
0.00075 |
0.00053 |
|
Hard (over 250 ppm) |
0.00053 |
0.00053 |
0.00090 |
0.00090 |
|
Engine jacket |
0.00018 |
0.00018 |
0.00018 |
0.00018 |
|
Distilled or closed circle |
0.00009 |
0.00009 |
0.00009 |
0.00009 |
|
Treated boiler feedwater |
0.00018 |
0.00009 |
0.00018 |
0.00018 |
|
Boiler blowdown |
0.00035 |
0.00035 |
0.00035 |
0.00035 |
|
Cooling water |
Fouling resistance |
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|
Quench water Polyphosphate treatment Acid treatment Cold brine Aqueous salt solutions |
0.00045 0.00015 0.00008 0.0002–0.00033 0.0002–0.00033 |
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© Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
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TEMA fouling resistances for oil refinery streams in shell-and-tube exchangers (m²K/W) |
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Crude oil and vacuum unit |
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a) gaseous |
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Vacuum overhead vapors Atmospheric tower overhead vapors Light Naphtha |
0.00035 0.00018 0.00018 |
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b) liquid Crude oil (desalted at 120°C. tube side velocity > 1.3 m/s) |
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T < 120°C 120°C <T < 175°C 175°C < T < 230°C 230°C < T Light gasoline Kerosene Heavy gas oil Gasoline Light gas oil Heavy fuel oils Asphalt and residuum: Vacuum tower bottoms Atmosphere tower bottoms |
0.00035 – 0.0007 0.00053 – 0.0007 0.00070 – 0.00088 0.00088 – 0.0011 0.00018 0.00035 0.00035 – 0.00053 0.00035 – 0.00053 0.00053 – 0.00088 0.00088 – 0.0012
0.0018 0.0012 |
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Cracking and Coking |
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Bottoms Slurry Oil (u>1.5 m/s) Light Cycle Oil Light Coker Gas Oil Low-boiling liquid products Overhead vapors Heavy cycle oil Heavy Coker Gas Oil |
0.00053 0.00035–0.00053 0.00053–0.0007 0.00053 0.00035 0.00053–0.0007 0.0007–0.00088 |
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Catalytic Reforming, Hydrocracking and Hydrodesulfurization |
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Reformer Charge Reformer Effluent Hydrocracker Charge and Effluent Hydrodesulfurization Charge and Effluent Recycle Gas Overhead vapors Liquid product spec. weight > 50°API Liquid product 30°API-50°API |
0.00027 0.00027 ≥ 0.00035 ≥ 0.00035 0.00018 0.00018 0.00018 0.00035 |
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Light Ends Processing Streams |
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Overhead vapors and gases Liquid products Alkylation Trace Acid Systems Absorption Oils Reboiler Streams
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0.00018 0.00018 0.00035 0.00035–0.00053 0.00035–0.00053 |
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TEMA fouling resistances for oil refinery streams in shell-and-tube exchangers (m²K/W) |
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Visbreaker |
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Overhead vapor Visbreaker bottoms |
0.00053 0.00176 |
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Catalytic Hydro Desulfurizer |
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Charge Effluent H.T. Sep. Overhead Liquid products Stripper Charge |
0.0007–0.00088 0.00035 0.00035 0.00035 0.00053 |
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Naphta Hydro Desulfurizer |
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Charge Effluent Naphtas Overhead |
0.00053 0.00035 0.00035 0.00025 |
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HF alkylation |
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Charge Head condenser Product cooler Product reboiler Reactor charge |
0.00018 0.00018 0.00018 0.00035 0.00035 |
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Lube Oil Processing |
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Solvent Feed Mix Feed stock Raffinate Tar Solvent |
0.00035 0.00018 0.00018 0.00053–0.00088 0.00018 |
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Desulfurization |
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Overhead Cooler Return evaporator |
0.00018 0.00028 0.00028 |
© Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
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Fouling resistances for various fluids (m²K/W) |
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Oils: |
Fuel Oil No.2 Fuel Oil No.6 Transformer oil Engine Lube oil Hydraulic Oil Quench Oil Pitch Tar Vegetable Oil |
0.00035 0.00088 0.00018 0.00018 0.00018 0.0007 0.0008 0.0009 0.00053 |
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Gases and Vapors: |
Steam (non-oil bearing) Steam (oil bearing) Refrigerant vapors (oil bearing) Alcohol vapor Organic vapor Ammonia Carbon dioxide Combustion gas (coal) Combustion gas (natural gas) Diesel exhaust gas Synthesis Gas Compressed air Natural gas Nitrogen Stable column overhead product |
0.0000 0.00018 0.00035 0.0000 0.00009 0.00018 0.00035 0.00018 0.00018–0.00035 0.0018 0.0018 0.00018–0.00035 0.00018 0.00018–0.00035 0.00018–0.00035 |
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Liquids: |
Refrigerant Organic heat transfer liquid Ammonia (non-oil bearing) Ammonia (oil bearing) Methanol solution Ethanol solution Glycol solution LPG. LNG MEA- and DEA solution DEG- and TEG solution Stable column side stream Stable column bottom stream Caustic solutions Black liquor |
0.00010–0.00018 0.00018–0.00035 0.00018 0.00053 0.00035 0.00035 0.00035 0.00018–0.00035 0.00035 0.00035 0.00018–0.00035 0.00018–0.00035 0.00035 0.0007–0.0014 |
© Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013