Variable list
Variable 3 - Volume flow of inside medium at mean temperature of the medium (ϑei + ϑai)/2 and pressure Pi
For condensation, this is the volume flow at the heat exchanger inlet. If there is a fraction of the vapor already condensed (vapor fraction xi < 1) at the inlet, the volume flow of the vapor-liquid mixture is shown, assuming a homogeneous distribution of liquid and vapor.
Variable 4 - Volume flow of outside medium at mean temperature of the medium (ϑea + ϑaa)/2 and Pressure Pa
For condensation, this is the volume flow at the heat exchanger inlet. If there is a fraction of the vapor already condensed (vapor fraction xi < 1) at the inlet, the volume flow of the vapor-liquid mixture is shown, assuming a homogeneous distribution of liquid and vapor.
The heat duty is signed. When heating the medium it is positive, when cooling the medium or at condensation it is negative.
The heat duty is signed. When heating the medium it is positive, when cooling the medium or at condensation it is negative.
Heat loss of heat exchanger to the surroundings
The heat loss is signed:
( - ) Heat emission from shell to surroundings
( + ) Heat absorption from surroundings
Thermal conductivity l in W/(m·K) depending on temperature
Density r [103 kg/m³] at 20°C
|
No. |
DIN Description |
Material number |
Density r 103 kg/m³ |
Thermal conductivity l W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||
|
High temperature steels, unalloyed |
|
|
|||||||||||||||
|
Temperature °C |
20 |
-200 |
-100 |
0 |
20 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
1000 |
||
|
1 |
St 35.8 |
1.0305 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
57 |
57 |
54 |
50 |
45 |
42 |
37 |
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
St 37.8 |
1.0315 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
57 |
57 |
54 |
50 |
45 |
42 |
37 |
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
St 45.8 |
1.0405 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
54 |
53 |
50 |
47 |
43 |
40 |
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
St 42.8 |
1.0498 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
54 |
54 |
50 |
47 |
43 |
40 |
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
P 235 GH |
1.0345 |
7.80 |
|
|
|
55 |
55 |
51 |
48 |
44 |
41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
P 265 GH |
1.0425 |
7.80 |
|
|
|
55 |
55 |
51 |
48 |
44 |
41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
High temperature steels, low-alloyed |
Density r |
Thermal conductivity l, W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Temperature °C |
20 |
-200 |
-100 |
0 |
20 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
1000 |
||
|
7 |
P 295 GH |
1.0481 |
7.83 |
|
|
|
47 |
47 |
46 |
44 |
41 |
38 |
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
19 Mn 5 |
1.0482 |
7.83 |
|
|
|
40 |
41 |
41 |
40 |
38 |
36 |
34 |
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
16 Mo 3 |
1.5415 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
51 |
51 |
49 |
45 |
42 |
39 |
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
16 Mo 5 |
1.5423 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
48 |
47 |
46 |
43 |
40 |
37 |
34 |
|
|
|
|
|
11 |
15 MnNi 6-3 |
1.6210 |
7.84 |
|
|
|
42 |
43 |
43 |
41 |
39 |
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
20 MnMoNi 5-5 |
1.6310 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
42 |
43 |
43 |
41 |
39 |
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
13 |
15 NiCuMoNb 5-6-4 |
1.6368 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
38 |
41 |
42 |
41 |
39 |
38 |
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
14 |
13 CrMo 4-5 |
1.7335 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
46 |
46 |
46 |
43 |
41 |
38 |
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
15 |
12 CrMo 19-5 |
1.7362 |
7.77 |
|
|
|
20 |
23 |
25 |
26 |
27 |
28 |
28 |
|
|
|
|
|
16 |
10 CrMo 9-10 GS-12 CrMo 9-10 |
1.7380 |
7.80 |
|
|
|
35 |
37 |
38 |
38 |
37 |
35 |
33 |
|
|
|
|
|
17 |
14 MoV 6-3 |
1.7715 |
7.84 |
|
|
|
46 |
47 |
46 |
44 |
41 |
39 |
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
No. |
DIN Description |
Material number |
Density r 103 kg/m³ |
Thermal conductivity l W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||
|
High temperature steels, high-alloyed |
Density r |
Thermal conductivity l, W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Temperature °C |
20 |
-200 |
-100 |
0 |
20 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
1000 |
||
|
18 |
X 10 CrMoVNb 9-1 |
1.4903 |
7.77 |
|
|
|
26 |
27 |
28 |
28 |
29 |
30 |
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
19 |
X 20 CrMoV 11-1 |
1.4922 |
7.75 |
|
|
|
24 |
24 |
25 |
25 |
26 |
26 |
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
20 |
X 8 CrNiMoNb 16-16 |
1.4981 |
8.01 |
|
|
|
15 |
16 |
17 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
24 |
25 |
|
|
|
21 |
X 12 CrMo 9-1 |
1.7386 |
7.77 |
|
|
|
21 |
23 |
24 |
26 |
27 |
28 |
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
Highly heat resisting steels |
Density r |
Thermal conductivity l, W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Temperature °C |
20 |
-200 |
-100 |
0 |
20 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
1000 |
||
|
22 |
X 3 CrNiMoBN 17-13-3 |
1.4910 |
7.89 |
|
|
|
13 |
15 |
16 |
18 |
19 |
21 |
22 |
24 |
25 |
|
|
|
23 |
X 6 CrNiMoB 17-12-2 |
1.4919 |
7.98 |
|
|
|
16 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
|
|
|
|
24 |
X 6 CrNi 18-10 |
1.4948 |
7.90 |
|
|
|
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
|
|
|
|
25 |
X 3 CrNiN 18-11 |
1.4949 |
7.93 |
|
|
|
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
|
|
|
|
Heat-resistant steels |
Density r |
Thermal conductivity l, W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Temperature °C |
20 |
-200 |
-100 |
0 |
20 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
1000 |
||
|
26 |
X 10 CrAlSi 7 |
1.4713 |
7.7 |
|
|
|
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
25 |
25 |
26 |
26 |
|
|
|
|
27 |
X 18 CrN 28 |
1.4749 |
7.7 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28 |
X 15 CrNiSi 20-12 |
1.4828 |
7.9 |
|
|
|
13 |
14 |
16 |
17 |
19 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
25 |
26 |
28 |
|
29 |
X 10 NiCrAlTi 32-21 |
1.4876 |
8 |
|
|
|
12 |
13 |
15 |
16 |
18 |
20 |
21 |
23 |
24 |
26 |
27 |
|
30 |
X 5 NiCrNbCe 32-27 |
1.4877 |
8 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stainless and acid-resistant steels |
Density r |
Thermal conductivity l, W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Temperature °C |
20 |
-200 |
-100 |
0 |
20 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
1000 |
||
|
31 |
X 6 Cr 17 |
1.4016 |
7.7 |
|
|
|
24 |
24 |
25 |
25 |
25 |
25 |
26 |
26 |
27 |
27 |
28 |
|
32 |
X 17 CrNi 16-2 |
1.4057 |
7.7 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33 |
X 5 CrNi 18-10 |
1.4301 |
7.9 |
|
|
|
15 |
16 |
18 |
19 |
21 |
22 |
24 |
25 |
26 |
28 |
29 |
|
34 |
X 3 CrTi 17 |
1.4510 |
7.7 |
|
|
|
16 |
17 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
26 |
27 |
28 |
|
35 |
X 6 CrNiTi 18-10 |
1.4541 |
7.9 |
|
|
|
15 |
16 |
18 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
24 |
25 |
27 |
28 |
29 |
|
36 |
X 6 CrNiNb 18-10 |
1.4550 |
7.9 |
|
|
|
15 |
16 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
26 |
27 |
28 |
|
37 |
X 6 CrNiMoTi 17-12-2 |
1.4571 |
7.98 |
|
|
|
13 |
15 |
17 |
18 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
24 |
25 |
|
|
|
No. |
DIN Description |
Material number |
Density r 103 kg/m³ |
Thermal conductivity l W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||
|
Case-hardened and heat-treated steels |
Density r |
Thermal conductivity l, W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Temperature °C |
20 |
-200 |
-100 |
0 |
20 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
1000 |
||
|
38 |
C 22 |
1.0402 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
55-61 |
|
|
|
|
|
35-40 |
|
|
|
|
|
39 |
C 45 E |
1.1191 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
47-52 |
|
|
|
|
|
32-37 |
|
|
|
|
|
Fine-grain and low-temperature steels |
Density r |
Thermal conductivity l, W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Temperature °C |
20 |
-200 |
-100 |
0 |
20 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
1000 |
||
|
40 |
St E 255 |
1.0461 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
54 |
53 |
50 |
47 |
43 |
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
41 |
P 460 N |
1.8905 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
40 |
41 |
41 |
40 |
38 |
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
42 |
13 MnNi 6-3 |
1.6217 |
7.85 |
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aluminium alloays |
Density r |
Thermal conductivity l, W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Temperature °C |
20 |
-200 |
-100 |
0 |
20 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
1000 |
||
|
43 |
EN AW-Al 99,0 |
EN AW-1200 |
2.71 |
327 |
242 |
235 |
|
240 |
237 |
232 |
226 |
219 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
44 |
EN AW-AlMn 1 Cu |
EN AW-3003 |
2.73 |
|
|
(202) |
|
180 |
183 |
(177) |
(171) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45 |
EN AW-AlMg 2,5 |
EN AW-5052 |
2.68 |
|
|
(134) |
|
146 |
155 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
46 |
EN AW-AlMg 4,5 Mn 0,7 |
EN AW-5083 |
2.66 |
|
|
(113) |
|
126 |
137 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
47 |
EN AW-AlMg 1 SiCu |
EN AW-6061 |
2.7 |
|
|
(164) |
|
172 |
176 |
(179) |
(180) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
48 |
EN AW-AlMg 1 Si |
EN AW-6060 |
2.7 |
|
|
(209) |
|
206 |
202 |
200 |
197 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No. |
DIN Description |
Material number |
Density r 103 kg/m³ |
Thermal conductivity l W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||
|
Copper alloys |
Density r |
Thermal conductivity l, W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Temperature °C |
20 |
-200 |
-100 |
0 |
20 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
1000 |
||
|
49 |
CuNi 10 Fe 1 Mn |
CW 352 H |
8.90 |
|
|
|
51.7 |
60.2 |
70 |
78.9 |
86.7 |
91.9 |
92 |
85.9 |
90 |
93.3 |
|
|
50 |
CuNi 30 Mn 1 Fe |
CW 354 H |
8.90 |
|
|
|
25.8 |
29.8 |
34.8 |
39.6 |
44.3 |
48.5 |
52.4 |
56.1 |
59.8 |
63.4 |
|
|
51 |
CuZn 39 Pb 3 (Ms 58) |
CW 614 N |
8.47 |
|
|
|
108 |
119 |
131 |
136 |
139 |
138 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
52 |
CuZn 39 Pb 0.5 (Ms 60 Pb) |
CW 610 N |
8.40 |
|
|
(68) |
|
79 |
90 |
100 |
(111) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
53 |
CuZn 28 Sn 1 As (50 Ms 71) |
CW 706 R |
8.56 |
|
(99) |
110 |
|
120 |
136 |
152 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
54 |
CuZn 38 Sn 1 (50 Ms 60) |
CW 717 R |
8.35 |
41 |
69 |
99 |
|
131 |
142 |
146 |
148 |
150 |
(151) |
|
|
|
|
|
55 |
CuZn 20 Al 2 As (50 Ms 76) |
CW 702 R |
8.33 |
|
(87) |
100 |
|
112 |
125 |
(138) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
56 |
CuSn 4 (Phosphor bronze) |
CW 450 K |
8.90 |
|
(65) |
(77) |
|
88.6 |
95.2 |
(112) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
57 |
CuAl 8 Fe 3 (Aluminium bronze) |
CW 303 G |
7.70 |
|
(61) |
72 |
|
83 |
94 |
(105) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nickel alloys |
Density r |
Thermal conductivity l, W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Temperature °C |
20 |
-200 |
-100 |
0 |
20 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
1000 |
||
|
58 |
Ni 99,2 |
2.4066 |
8.90 |
|
77.4 |
72.2 |
|
70 |
61.4 |
56.6 |
55.7 |
57.6 |
59.7 |
61.8 |
63.9 |
65.9 |
|
|
59 |
NiCu 30 Fe |
2.4360 |
8.80 |
15.5 |
19.7 |
21.4 |
|
24.3 |
27.6 |
30.6 |
33.5 |
36.8 |
39.8 |
42.7 |
(45.6) |
(49) |
|
|
60 |
NiCr 15 Fe |
2.4816 |
8.43 |
|
13.1 |
14.5 |
|
15.9 |
17.3 |
18.9 |
20.4 |
22.2 |
23.9 |
25.6 |
27.3 |
(29.1) |
|
|
61 |
NiCr 21 Mo |
2.4858 |
8.10 |
|
(9.7) |
(11.4) |
|
13.4 |
15.1 |
16.6 |
18.4 |
20 |
21.7 |
23.3 |
24.8 |
26.5 |
|
|
62 |
NiCr 22 Mo 9 Nb |
2.4856 |
8.40 |
|
7.9 |
9.3 |
|
10.9 |
12.3 |
13.8 |
15.2 |
16.8 |
18.3 |
19.7 |
21.5 |
23.4 |
|
|
63 |
NiMo 16 Cr 15 W |
2.4819 |
8.90 |
|
8.1 |
9.6 |
|
11.2 |
13 |
14.7 |
16.4 |
18.2 |
20 |
21.8 |
23.5 |
25.3 |
|
|
64 |
NiMo 16 Cr 16 Ti |
2.4610 |
8.60 |
|
(7.6) |
(9.6) |
|
11.2 |
13.2 |
14.9 |
16.8 |
18.5 |
20.4 |
(22.7) |
(24.7) |
(26.8) |
|
|
65 |
NiMo 28 |
2.4617 |
9.20 |
|
(10.1) |
11.1 |
|
12.2 |
13.4 |
14.6 |
16 |
17.3 |
18.7 |
(19.9) |
(21.2) |
(22.5) |
|
|
No. |
DIN Description |
Material number |
Density r 103 kg/m³ |
Thermal conductivity l W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||
|
Other materials |
Density r |
Thermal conductivity l, W/(m·K) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Temperature °C |
20 |
-200 |
-100 |
0 |
20 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
1000 |
||
|
66 |
Ni 36 |
1.3912 |
8.20 |
|
|
|
13 |
15 |
16 |
18 |
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
67 |
TiAl 6 V 4 |
3.7165 |
4.43 |
|
|
|
6.5 |
7.6 |
9.1 |
10.5 |
12 |
13.4 |
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
68 |
EN-GJS-415 |
EN-JS 1030 |
7.1 |
|
|
|
26.8 |
28.8 |
30.3 |
30.9 |
38.8 |
30.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
69 |
GG (w. lamell. graphite) |
|
7.08 |
|
|
|
42.5 |
41.8 |
40.8 |
39.6 |
38.2 |
36.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
© Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
Description:
Details: Total fouling resistance (shell-side fa and tube-side fi)
f = fa+ fi ·(Aa/Ai)
s. Typical fouling resistances
Theoretical heat exchanger area which is necessary to transfer the heat duty
Logarithmic mean temperature difference for true counter current flow
Mean temperature of tube-side medium (Inlet temperature + outlet temperature) / 2
Mean temperature of shell-side medium (Inlet temperature + outlet temperature) / 2
For condensation only: Vapor fraction = 1 for pure vapor at inlet.
It is possible to enter values lesser than 1. For example vapor fraction = 0.6 means that 60 wt-% of the medium are in the vapor state and 40 wt-% are already liquid at inlet.
For condensation only: Vapor fraction = 1 for pure vapor at inlet.
It is possible to enter values lesser than 1. For example vapor fraction = 0.6 means that 60 wt-% of the medium are in the vapor state and 40 wt-% are already liquid at inlet.
Absolute pressure of the medium at the inlet of the heat exchanger / inside
Absolute pressure of the medium at the inlet of the heat exchanger / outside
s. Coil pitch, distance of windings and coil length
For condensation this is the maximum velocity of the vapor at tube inlet. When calculating the maximum velocity it is taken into account that the medium might be two-phase (Vapor fraction in xi < 1).
For tube-side condensation no pressure drop is calculated!
For shell-side condensation no pressure drop is calculated!
If a nozzle has been selected by nominal width DN, the inside diameter is automatically determined by the class taken from the flange standards. The class is determined by the inlet pressure.
If a nozzle has been selected by nominal width DN, the inside diameter is automatically determined by the class taken from the flange standards. The class is determined by the inlet pressure.
Correction factor for logarithmic mean temperature difference LMTD. It considers the deviation of the real heat exchanger from the ideal mere counter-current or co-current heat exchanger (Variable 22 - Logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD))
s. Typical fouling resistances
s. Typical fouling resistances
Flow velocity of medium in narrowest cross-section.
For condensation this is the maximum velocity of the vapor. When calculating the maximum velocity it is taken into account that the medium might be two-phase (Vapor fraction in xi < 1).
If the heat exchanger is over-designed or under-designed, this is the real inlet temperature of the tube-side medium.
For condensation this temperature is not calculated.
If the heat exchanger is over-designed or under-designed, this is the real inlet temperature of the shell-side medium.
For condensation this temperature is not calculated.
Only for gases: Standard density of shell-side medium at 0 °C and 1.01325 bar
For liquids: No input possible
Only for gases: Standard density of shell-side medium at 0 °C and 1.01325 bar
For liquids: No input possible
For condensation only:
The vapor fraction equals 0 if the steam is totally condensed. It is possible to enter values greater than 0. For example: Vapor fraction = 0.2, means that 20% of the mass flow is still in the vapor state at the outlet.
For condensation only:
The vapor fraction equals 0 if the steam is totally condensed. It is possible to enter values greater than 0. For example: Vapor fraction = 0.2, means that 20% of the mass flow is still in the vapor state at the outlet.
s. Coil pitch, distance of windings and coil length
s. Coil pitch, distance of windings and coil length
The overdesign is the ratio of final heat transfer area and required heat transfer area in %.
If the heat exchanger is over-designed or under-designed, this is the real outlet temperature of the tube side medium.
For condensation this temperature is not calculated.
If the heat exchanger is over-designed or under-designed, this is the real outlet temperature of the shell side medium.
For condensation this temperature is not calculated.