Operation

 PIPE - submenu

1.

New entry

Create a new project

2.

Load version 3.1 file

Loading a project from the DOS version

3.

Calculation

Starting the calculation

4.

Calculation process

Displays the calculation process after a calculation

5.

Copy and renumber selection

Copies the selected lines and pastes them behind the selection with renumbered nodes.

6.

Keywords

Displays the help for the keywords

7.

Graphic

Display the graphic with all options

8.

Embed graphic file

Creates a copy of the desired graphic in the document

9.

Expansion joints

Table for the design or selection of expansion joints

10.

Coordinate systems

Setting the coordinate system

11.

Graphic without calculation

Shows the graph based on the entered coordinates

12.

LV consultant call

Starts Teamviewer remote maintenance

13.

Print project

Especially from Office 2010 - printing process is prepared, sheets are formatted.

The program is activated via the menu item "Pipe" and "New entry".   

       or 

over loading a saved Excel workbook with a pipe problem.

After the start you have three tables at your disposal

1.   Layer.
Here you can set the color of the DXF layers, separately for the background color, the pipe in the undeformed state, the color of the node labels, the supports and the pipe in the deformed state.

2.   Lines / Nodes

      Here you will find the settings for the display of the pipeline, the auxiliary lines and the node labeling. Representation of the pipeline thickness to the existing nominal width. The more complex the system is, the smaller the selected value should be.

3.   Font and font height for the caption

4.   Display and labeling of the pipe bend intermediate nodes. A pipe bend consists of 3 nodes.

5.   Line length for labeling.  Distance to the pipeline

6.   Line length of the representation support points

If a DXF file is displayed via PIPE - Grafi, this file can be exported in the graphic output and opened in an external viewer or in AutoCad.

This table is used to define which information is to appear in the documentation or which additional project data is to be included in the document. The header and footer set here will be adopted for the entire project.

The Project keyword is replaced by the project name from the Project worksheet.

Under Cell formatting you specify the desired format of the number representation for the respective selected result table separately.

For the coordinate system, the following agreement applies first:

This coordinate system corresponds to the 3-finger rule of the right hand and denotes the standard coordinate system.

This system can be freely defined in the project table:

Description of the keywords of the input

!!xxx!!

Comment on the calculation. Everything written between two exclamation marks is interpreted as a comment.

AMBIENT=Z

Ambient temperature Z [°C] The new reference temperature Z applies from this point.

ANC(P)

Fixed point at point P

BEBEN_H

Horizontal earthquake load in both directions

BEBEN_V

Vertical earthquake load

BEBENXH

Horizontal earthquake load in X-direction only

BEBENZH

Horizontal earthquake load in Z-direction only

BOGWS=Z

Additional wall thickness Z [mm] in the bend area

BWT

Weldolet (branch welded-on tea)

CF

Wind coefficient for wind loads

CG x= y= z=

Center of gravity of a valve with the position (x/y/z) related to the center of the pipe section. Only in conjunction with WEI.

CONTO(P)

Support point is connected to another node (P) of the pipeline (console support)

DEL(P)Y=Z

Displacement at point P in direction Y by Z [mm].

Directional data in the global coordinate system!

EMOD=Z

E-modulus [N/mm²]

EXP

Input of the expansion coefficient in [10^6 1/°C].

FDK=Z

Spring constant Z [N/mm]

SPRING(P)

Spring at point P

FLA

Guide bearing (axial) in BIS node

Flange

Calculates the flange load with LV modules taking into account the current pipeline load

FLEXCA=Z

Bending compensator with spring constant Z [N/mm].

FLEXCX=Z

Axial expansion joint with spring constant Z [N/mm].

FLEXKA=Z

Cardan joint with spring constant Z [N/Grd]

//FLEX
Component

Any components can be described with this keyword. It is recommended to enter the data via the input help.

FLEXLN=Z

Universal lateral expansion joint with spring constant Z [N/mm].

FLEXLX=Z

Lateral compensator with spring constant Z [N/mm] Bending about X

Description of the keywords of the input

FLEXLY=Z

Lateral compensator with spring constant Z [N/mm] Bending about Y

FLEXLZ=Z

Lateral compensator with spring constant Z [N/mm] Bending about Z

FLEXTX=Z

Angular compensator/knee piece with spring constant Z [N/Grd] Bending about X

See example angular compensators (FLEXT)

FLEXTY=Z

Angular compensator/knee piece with spring constant Z [N/Grd] Bending about Y

See example angular compensators (FLEXT)

FLEXTZ=Z

Angular compensator / elbow with spring constant Z [N/Grd] Bending about Z

See example angular compensators (FLEXT)

FLFO=Z

Additional axial force Z [N] for non-pressure-relieved expansion joints

FOR(P)Y=Z

Global force at point P in direction Y with magnitude Z [N].

FRIC(P)=Z

Bearing friction at point P with coefficient of friction Z

GAP(P)Y=Z

Bearing clearance at point P in direction Y by amount Z [mm].

HAG

Height above ground in [m] for wind loads

IFOR=Z

Preload force of a spring by Z [N]

K=

Input of the k-value for occasional loads according to B31.1 104.8.2 Formula 16 (1.15 or 1.2)

KO

Coordinate definition of the starting point

CONST

Design of a constant hanger

KORR=Z

Indication of corrosion / wall thickness undercut [mm].

LifeC=X

Number of startup and shutdown cycles

MAT=Z.ZZZZ

Material key (E-modulus and elongation are taken from the internal material data file)

MAXSIF=X

Maximum stress increase factor X (only for plastic pipes)

MOM(P)Y=Z

Global moment at point P around Y with magnitude Z [Nm].

MSIF=X

Sets the stress increase factor X

NAHT

Consideration of stress increases due to different wall thicknesses and weld seam designs

NAME='XX'

Designates a bearing

NOPIPE

Specifies that the pipe section from the "FROM" to "TO" node is not treated as a pipeline and is not displayed graphically (thin rubber rope).

NOPIPE describes the corresponding section as a 'rubber band' i.e. no pipeline exists between the initial nodes and final nodes. The keyword can be used to 'break up' a complex system to analyze the subsystems.

NUE= X

Set a transverse contraction number (Poisson's ratio) different from the database.

NW=Z

Tube outer diameter Z [mm]

PRES=Z

Internal system pressure Z [bar] / gauge pressure

REDU

Specification of a reducer for nominal size change

REL(A)

To design the spring in the weight load case, release anchor A in the direction of the weight.

RES(P)=X,Y

Obstruction at point P direction X and Y

RFT Z

Reinforced tee, Z [mm] thick reinforcing washer

RIGID

Bending resistant element

RED(P)=Y

Rotation stop at point P around Y

SC=X

Permissible stress in the installed condition in [N/mm²].

SEGB=X

Segmental arc, where X is the pitch angle in [Grd].

SH=X

Permissible stress at maximum temperature in [N/mm²].

Description of the keywords of the input

SLASTX=Z

Line load in direction X with magnitude Z [N/m].

SLASTY=Z

Line load in direction Y with magnitude Z [N/m].

SLASTZ=Z

Line load in direction Z with magnitude Z [N/m].

SPT=X

Special tee where the user can enter the stress increase factor (SIF) himself X = SIF

ST=X

Yield strength at room temperature in [N/mm²].

STABIL

Stability verification according to 18T4 or Eurocode 8 with LV modules

see example stability calculation (STABIL)

Socket

FEM calculation with LV module for nozzle connections

TEMP=Z

System temperature Z [°C]

TYPICAL name [

TYPICAL name ]

Defines a typically recurring pipeline element or component. The name can be freely selected. See description of keywords 

UFT

Unreinforced tee

UNIF=Z

Line load Z [N/m]

VS(P)=Z

Preload of Z [mm] applied at point P

WEI=Z

Special load Z [N]

WIND=A

Wind load according to DIN 1055 from direction A (+X, -X, +Y, -Y)

WINDq=X

Dynamic pressure x in [kN/m²] , if different from DIN 1055

WLT

Welded tee

WS=Z

Pipe wall thickness Z [mm]

Column R

R=radius: it corresponds to S=3D and L=5D arc or direct input of the radius [mm], arcs and radii refer to the next change of direction, i.e. to the BIS node.

NW,WS,MAT,UNIF,TEMP are valid from VON node

Description of the output keywords

Sa

Equivalent stress at the beginning of the pipe in the local system

Se

Equivalent stress at the pipe end in the local system

Sla

Longitudinal stress at the beginning of the pipe

Sle

Longitudinal stress at the end of the tube

Keywords

TEMP =

Entering the operating temperature

(Calculation temperature, also minus temperatures allowed TEMP= -35).

Example: TEMP =320From
the VON node, the calculation temperature of 320 °C
is used. This temperature is valid for all subsequent pipe sections until it is overwritten by a new entry.

UNIF =

Input of the line weight of a pipeline incl. insulation ice and water load in [N/m].

Example: UNIF=400From
the VON node, the calculation is performed with a line load of 400 N per meter of pipe.  This load is valid until it is overwritten by another input.

PRES =

Input of the calculation pressure in bar / gauge pressure

This applies to the entire piping system.

WEI=

Input of an additional concentrated load in N

This engages in the middle of the pipe section and is used, for example, to account for fittings.

Example:               WEI =2000

A weight force of 2000 N acts in the middle of the pipe section between the VON and BIS nodes.

CG x=a mm y=b mm z=c mm

Input of a center of gravity of a valve deviating from the center of the pipe section

Applies only in conjunction with HOW

Example:               CG x=20 y=0 z=50

The center of gravity of the valve deviates from the center of the pipe section. It is located in space 20mm in X-direction 0mm in Y-direction and 50mm in Z-direction from the center of the pipe section. Input of coordinates Global!

DEL (X)Y=Z

Forced displacement of a node for the temperature load case

Example
During start-up, a vessel nozzle shifts in direction Y by 2.3 mm. The connected pipeline must bear this displacement as an additional load at node 13.

Input: DEL
 (13)Y=2.
3DThis means that node 13 is forcibly displaced by 2.3 mm in direction Y in the temperature load case. If there is an additional displacement in X and Z direction, the input can look like this:       DEL(13)Y=2.3/X=-1.2/Z=3.4

Annotation:

The direction information refers to the global system!

The keyword DEL always refers to the temperature load case only, unless it is forcibly assigned to the weight load case with the keyword LF=1 (load case=1 = weight load case).

FOR (A)B=C

Input of an additional force at node A in N. The force acts in the global direction B

Example:               FOR
 (24)Z=234This
means that a force of 234 N acts in direction Z at node 24.

Note:
The direction specifications refer to the global system!

The keyword FOR refers only to the weight load case, unless it is forcibly attributed to the temperature load case with the keyword LF(load case=2 = temperature load case).

FOR cannot be used in supports with obstruction in the direction of force.

Keywords

MOM (A)B=C

Input of an additional moment in node A with the amount C in N/m. The moment acts around the global axis B (X, Y or Z).

Example: MOM(47)Y=2345
This means that a moment of 2345 N/m acts around the Y-axis in node 47.
    The direction of rotation of the moment is clockwise.

Annotation:

The direction specifications refer to the global system!
The keyword MOM always refers to the weight load case only, unless it is forcibly assigned to the temperature load case with the keyword LF(load case=2 = temperature load case).

VS =C

Input of a prestress in the pipe section with C mm

Example:               VS =20
This means that the pipeline is shortened by 20 mm.

Annotation:

The preload can only be applied at an axially fixed bearing point and in front of the point at which it is to act

SlastX=C

Input of a line load with the magnitude C in N/m in direction X

Example:               SlastX=100This
means that from this input an additional line load acts in direction X with the amount of 100 N/m. This specification is only valid for the current pipe section. and refers to the weight load case, unless it is assigned to the thermal load case by LF =2.

SlastY=C

Input of a line load with the magnitude C in N/m in direction Y

Example:               SlastY=100This
means that from this input an additional line load acts in direction Y with the amount of 100 N/m. This specification is only valid for the current pipe section and refers to the weight load case, unless it is assigned to the thermal load case by LF =2.

SlastZ=C

Input of a line load with the magnitude C in N/m in direction Z

Example:               SlastZ=100This
means that from this input an additional line load acts in direction Z with the amount 100 N/m. This specification is only valid for the current pipe section and refers to the weight load case, unless it is assigned to the thermal load case by LF =2.

To enter the pipe dimensions you can use the keywords
NW =, WS= and RIGID.

NW=

Enter the outer diameter of the pipeline in mm.

The entry is valid from the VON node until it is overwritten by a new entry.

Example: NW=114.3

WS=

Enter the wall thickness in mm

Example: WS =6.3
The input is valid from the VON node until it is overwritten.

SEGB=X

denotes a segmental arc, where X is the pitch angle in Grd.

Example: A
segment arc with a radius of 2000mm and a pitch angle
between the segments of 22.5 ° is
to be
defined.

     Radius 2000 Special data SEGB=22.5        

Keywords

SSEGB=X

Designates a segmental arch with only one intermediate piece

BogWS =

Enter the wall thickness in mm. 

The input is valid from the VON node until it is overwritten by a new input.

Example:               BogWS= -.3

This means that all bottom wall thicknesses are 3 mm smaller than the pipe wall thicknesses specified with WS =.

This entry is valid until it is overwritten by another entry.

KORR =X

Indication of corrosion or wall thickness undercut.

Example: Corr=1.5

This means that the wall thickness in service can be up to 1.5 mm less than in the installed condition. The flexibility of the pipeline is determined with the stiff, non-corroded pipeline, the occurring stresses are related to the corroded wall cross-section.

     This entry is valid until it is overwritten by another entry.

WINDq=X

Enter a dynamic pressure in kN/m² that deviates from DIN 1055.

RIGID

Between the VON and BIS nodes there is a rigid element, e.g. a fitting. This affects the movement of the pipeline.

Example:               RIGID
ATTENTION: The piping system must not be terminated with RIGID.

SIF (A)=X

A stress increase factor of X is defined at node A.   An input smaller than 1 is corrected to 1 by the program.

MSIF =X

For the whole piping system from this input the
minimum - stress increase factor X. 

This is valid until it is overwritten by another input from MSIF.  An input smaller than 1 is corrected to 1 by the program.

TYPICAL name [

TYPICAL name ]

Defines a typically recurring pipeline element or component. The name can be freely selected.

The number of nodes in the typical element must be taken into account when assigning the FROM and TO nodes. The typical element can be used basically everywhere and is specified by 'Typical' plus the assigned name.

Example:

AMBIENT = Z

Change in ambient temperature / reference temperature [°C].

The input is valid from the VON node until it is overwritten by a new input.

Keywords

EMOD=

Input of the E-modulus N/mm2

This entry refers to the VON node and is valid until the next entry.

Example:               EMOD =200000

EMODC=

Input of the E-modulus N/mm2 at installation temperature

This entry refers to the VON node and is valid until the next entry.

Beispiel: EMODC=206000

EXP =

Input of the expansion coefficient in 10^Ù6 mm / °C

This specification is valid from the VON node to the next entry.

Example: EXP =12.3

Since you also receive a material database with the PIPE program, you can also obtain information on the piping material directly from the database. The input of the Young's modulus and the expansion coefficient can therefore be replaced by the specification.

MAT =

Input of the material type

This input is also valid from the VON node until it is modified by a new input.

Example:               MAT =F (ferrite) or MAT=A (austenite)

IMPORTANT:
From the first node, the variables, temperature, line load, nominal width, wall thickness and material (or modulus of elasticity and expansion coefficient) must be known, otherwise no calculation can be made.

SH =XXX

Permissible stress at maximum temperature in N/mm2

SC =XXX

Permissible stress in the installed condition in N/mm2

ST =XXX   

Yield strength at room temperature in N/mm²

LifeC=X

Number of startup and shutdown cycles

NUE= X

Set a transverse contraction number
(Poisson's ratio) different from the database.

MatID=X

Specification of the identification number of the material database

K=

Input of the k-value for occasional loads according to B31.1 104.8.2 Formula 16 (1.15 or 1.2)

Keywords

FLEXCX=X

Spring constant in N/mmfor               axial expansion joint

FLEXCA=X 

Spring constant in N/mm for bending compensator

FLEXLX=X 

Spring constant in N/mm Lateral compensator Bending around X axis

FLEXLY=X 

Spring constant in N/mm Lateral compensator Bending around Y axis

FLEXLZ=X 

Spring constant in N/mm Lateral compensator Bending about Z axis

FLEXLN=X 

Spring constant in N/mm Universal lateral compensator

FLEXTX=X

Spring constant in N/Grd Angular compensator/knee piece Bending around X axis

FLEXTY=X

Spring constant in N/Grd Angular compensator/knee piece Bending around Y axis

FLEXTZ=X

Spring constant in N/Grd Angular compensator/knee piece Bending about Z axis

FLEXKA=X 

Spring constant in N/Grd Cardan joint

FLFO=X

Additional axial force Z [N] for non-pressure-relieved expansion joints

Keywords

ANC (A)

At node A there is a fixed point (anchor)

Example               ANC
 (67)
means a fixed bearing e.g. an apparatus flange at node 67

RES (A)=B

Sliding bearing in node A. Direction B (X, Y or Z) is restrained.

ExampleA
hot pipe is to be supported on a pipe bridge.
However, the movement in direction X and Z must be possible

RES
 (5)=Ymeans
that only the Y-movement (weight-force direction) is prevented at node 5.

RED (A)=B

Rotation stop at node A around axis B (X, Y or Z).

This type of support stops the rotation of the pipeline around any axis of coordination.

Example              
RED
 (102)=Y describes a rotation stop around the Y-axis in node 102. The
rotation around the other two axes is maintained

FLA

Guide bearing at the BIS node.

This keyword designates a guide bearing with locked weight direction and lateral guidance. It is particularly suitable for simulating inclined guide bearings, i.e. guide bearings for pipelines which are not parallel to a coordinate axis.

NOTICE:

If a guide bearing is to be provided with clearance, the keyword RES must be used! FLA cannot be combined with GAP!

Keywords

SPRING(A)

There is a spring at node A.
In the installed condition, the direction of tension is Y

Example:
               SPRING(58)=Spring hanger at node 58

If the keyword FDK (spring constant) is used subsequently to this input, the spring is simulated at point A. If no entry is made for the spring constant, the spring is designed at point A.

The program calculates a spring constant so that the difference between the mounting and operating load on the spring is less than or equal to 10%. This requires a calculation of the entire system twice

FDK

Specification of a spring constant in N/mm for a known spring

Example: SPRING (67)FDK =200At
node 67 there is a spring with a spring constant of 200 N/mm

FDW=x

The spring hanger is selected so that there is a difference of x% between the load case weight and the combination load case temperature + weight

Example: SPRING (67)FDW
 =7At
node 67 there is a spring hanger which allows
a difference of only 7% between the load case weight and the combination load case weight+temperature.

IFOR

Specification of a preload for a spring i.e. the spring is preloaded with a force (N) during assembly.

Example: FEDER (67)FDK =200 IFOR =100

The spring at node 67 should be preloaded with a force of 100 N

CONST

Spring is defined as a constant hanger.

  Example: FEDER(67)KONST

AM node 67, a constant hanger is determined that takes the load from the pure weight load case G, independent of the line movement for all load cases.         

LISEGA

Using the Lisega catalog for spring selection

HYDRA

Using the Hydra catalog for spring selection

REL (A)

For the design of the spring in the weight load case: Armature A is released or unloaded in the weight direction in order to achieve a stress-free installation.

Example:              REL
 (67)
Armature 67 does not absorb any weight force for spring design.

Keywords

//FLEXComponent

Any components can be described with this keyword. It is recommended to enter the data via the input help.

Keywords

NAME='example'

Bearings can be named with this keyword. This name is listed in the documentation

Example: ANC
 (67) NAME='Stutzen A'
The fixed point 67 is identified as Stutzen A in the documentation

Keywords

GAPX=A

GAPY=A

GAPZ=Y               

Bearing clearance in direction X, Y and Z by A mm.

This means that a pipeline can move A mm before movement in one direction is impeded

Example:
A pipeline must be laid through a ceiling duct. The casing pipe is 10 mm larger than the outer diameter of the pipeline. The pipeline has a tendency to shift in direction X. You can describe this additional load with:

RES (43)=X
                       GAPX=10

At node 43 there is an obstruction in direction X only when the pipeline has already shifted by 10 mm.  Please note that the bearing clearance may
only be entered in integer millimeter steps.   The specification of a sign characterizes the case that the obstruction acts only in one direction.
Example:              GAPZ= 12 or GAPY= -1

FRIC=B

The displacements are hindered by friction with the coefficient of friction B

Example:
A hot-running pipeline on a pipe bridge is started up and shut down more often than average.  The required movements in the pipe bridge bearings are hindered by friction.  You can model this special form of a load with the input FRIC=0.56.

The movement is hindered by a coefficient of friction of 0.56. The coefficient of friction is understood as the proportion of the forces that counteract the movement.  It depends on the surface condition of the bearing elements.
This specification is applied to all supports that allow at least one movement of the pipeline.

FR =B

The displacements of the support defined shortly before are hindered by a friction with the coefficient of friction B

Example:              Res(80)=Y FR=0

This means that the friction set globally with the FRIC keyword is removed for the support 80 (hanger).

Button

Additional form

Description

Fixed point

No pipeline movements and rotations possible

or

Determination of the obstruction in direction X,Y and / or Z

or the rotation around X,Y and / or Z either in positive and negative direction or in one direction of the axis

Button

Additional form

Description

Defining the additional keywords to the spring keyword.

FDK ;IFOR ; REL (); Lisega and Hydra.

All entries are optional.

See corresponding keyword description.

or

or

or

Defines bearing movements or bearing rotations in X,Y and / or Z.

Unit mm or degrees.

Defines an external force in direction X,Y and / or Z. Unit N

Defines an external moment around X,Y and / or Z.

Unit N/m.

Defines the bearing clearance in the obstruction direction X,Y and / or Z. Unit mm.

or

Defines the coefficient of friction

    global

          or local

or

Defines the stress increas
Elevation factor

   local

           or global

Button

Additional form

Description

Input of the pipe outer diameter.   Unit mm

Input of the wall thickness.       Unit mm

Input of the calculation temperature.       

Unit °C.

Input calculation pressure unit bar(g) / gauge pressure

Input of all reductions such as corrosion and wall thickness undercut.

Button

Additional form

Description

Input of fittings etc.

Input of the pipe weight.

Entering a question mark opens the calculation form for the pipe weight.

Generation of compensator keywords.

Deposited manufacturer catalogs

Calculation of the spring constants from the adjustment rate.

Calculation of the additional axial force (see FLFO short description of keywords).

Button

Additional form

Description

Input of the thickness difference pipe bend to straight pipe.

Consideration of preload

Consideration of
earthquake load

Consideration of wind loads according to DIN 1055

with

'lowest height above ground

the starting height of the pipeline can be defined.

This input must be made only once. The dynamic pressure is calculated according to DIN 1055.

If another value is to be specified, this can be done with this keyword

WINDq = X
x in kN/m²

Button

Additional form

Description

Consideration of insulation thickness only for wind load calculation

Consideration of

Stress increases due to different wall thicknesses and weld designs.

Guide bearing.

Obstruction of weight and normal movement.

Calculates the flange load taking into account the current pipe load.

This option is only active if the corresponding LV module for flange calculation has been purchased or is available via FEEZING. (Modules for flange calculation: 25V, B8, 1591, AFL)

Button

Additional form

Description

Calculation of nozzle connections on vessels.

This option is only active if the FEM (Finite Elements) module has been purchased or is available via FEEZING (see ATLAS manual).

Reductions are taken into account in the stress evaluation or only in the graphical representation, depending on the regulation

Input of any pipe components.

Stiffness can be specified with 'RIGID' in the input form

Ex:

K_AL=

WEI=

K_AQ=

K_ax=RIGID

K_LY=

K_LZ=

K_DF=

K_BFY=

K_BFZ=

The calculation is started via the menu item "Pipe" and "Calculation". 

Display during calculation

During the calculation the calculation progress is documented. This documentation can be controlled by the option "Show calculation progress" in the project sheet (see above).

The display can also be called up again after the calculation has been carried out by means of the menu item "Pipe" and "Calculation course".

Select in 

In Excel 2007/2010:

"Page Layout" and then "Page Setup", "Header and Footer".

In EXCEL 2013/2016

"Insert" and then "Text", "Header and Footer".

Input table

The input table can be output for documentation purposes. The input table is inactive in the documentation folder.

Keywords

Table with explanations of the keywords of the input table

Materials

Table with the material data

Coordinates

Display of node coordinates

Displacements

Display of the calculated pipeline movements separately for the load case weight and temperaturein the global system

Forces and moments

Display of the calculated internal pipe forces and moments In the local system, i.e. the X-axis is the pipe axis.

The pipe is cut free and the forces are calculated.

If there is no change in direction, the forces before and after the intersection point are equal, but have opposite signs.

Support

Display of the support load separately for weight and temperature load case

Voltages G

Calculated stresses for the weight load case

Tensions T

Calculated stresses for the temperature load case

Hanger data

Display of the spring hanger data

Combi. Shifts

Display of displacements for the combination load case

Combi. Forces and moments

Display of the calculated internal piping forces and moments for the combination load case

Combi. Voltages

Display of the voltages for the combination load case G+T

Tensions

Weight + Earthquake + Wind

Overview table

Summary of the main calculation results

Freely selectable color for the background of the graphic display

Fades the grid in and out.

Mark the nodes you want to display in the graphic in the input sheet with any background color.

This allows you to represent non-contiguous pipelines and areas.

Select a cell. All cells in the same color are now displayed in the viewer.

Perspective

Above

Links

Front

Below

Right

Unscaled representation,

to shorten long pipelines:

Before

After

Button

Description

Save the current view (see menu)

This option shows the node names. If this button is pressed, another selection menu appears.

In this form you can define whether all nodes or only a node range should be labeled or whether the node label should be hidden again.

Showing and hiding the supports

Example :

Fixed points, guide bearings and spring hangers inserted

Button

Description

Representation of the voltages.

Another selection form appears here.

In this form you define whether and for which load case or load case combination you want to display the stresses.

The voltages are displayed color coded.

In addition, you can display the HotSpots for each load case. The areas with the highest voltage are displayed in 'red'.

This button displays the displacements of the pipeline.

Here, too, a selection form appears first. In this form, you specify whether and for which load case you want to display the displacement. The displacement can be overdrawn.

This is done via the distortion factor. It can be used to represent even the smallest movements. The deformed system is shown as a thin red line, the undeformed system is drawn as a vitreous body.

Animated representation of the displacement.

Display information about the clicked pipe string.

Individual node labels can be moved.

Click on the node number in the graphic, drag the node to another position, release the mouse button and click again.

Fast zoom.

If this button is activated, you can zoom in (mouse movement up) or zoom out with a mouse movement down while keeping the left mouse button pressed.

Button

Description

Slow zoom. Handling is identical to fast zoom.

This button allows you to move the entire view. To do this, hold down the left mouse button and move the view to the new position.

Change the displayed pipeline size.

Adjust the distance of the node designations from the pipeline.

Adjust the font size of the node labels.

 Vertical, horizontal swing and rotation of the view.